By Anand Parthasarathy
February 23, 2023: Earlier this month, the American consumer credit reporting company TransUnion, better known for its CIBIL ratings, opened a new Global Capability Centre (GCC) in Pune, expanding its local innovation team to 600 and adding to its India  strength of engineers  also based in Bengaluru and Hyderabad to over 3000. ““India’s strong digital skills and infrastructure support a compelling growth and expansion opportunity for TransUnion,” said TransUnion's   Executive Vice President for Global Operations, Eric Hess.
Only weeks before the Pune opening, the world’s largest electronics component mark, Digi-Key, launched the first overseas GCC , outside its Minnesota, US headquarters, in Bengaluru, to “serve as an epicentre for technology and innovation for Digi-Key’s operations globally”.
In mid-2022, one of the largest players in the automotive aftermarket parts industry, Raleigh, North Carolina, US-based Advance Auto Parts,  chose Hyderabad  for its GCC which was planned as “as a hub of innovation, providing critical transformational support and automotive solutions across IT, Digital, Finance, and Human Resources, for its North American markets.”
Also in 2022, the Japanese product engineering company Rakuten opens its biggest overseas facility in Bengaluru -- a 20-storeyed facility with room for 3000 employees who are working on deep-tech innovation and R&D in areas such as e-commerce, fintech, content and entertainment, as well as AI in computer vision, speech, and natural language processing (NLP)
India is a favoured location for GCCS,  found a study by NASSCOM with ANSR, a  market leader in helping international players design, establish and operate their global captive centres of innovation. It predicted in 2020 that over 80 percent of the top global retail and consumer packed goods companies will look to India for setting up a GCC.
It is happening.
An updated report on India GCC Trends by NASSCOM, with Zinnov -- the India-based consultancy which for over two decades has helped international companies  set up technology centres in India –attests to the pace at which international  players, mostly in the technology sector have been pitching their  R&D tents in India:  15 GCCS in the third quarter alone, 9 of them in the software and Internet space including biggies like IBM and Thoughworks.
The report  calls the size of the India GCC market “staggering” at  US$ 36 billion, and likely to hit $ 60-85 billion within three years. There are over 1500 GCCs in India today, a talent pool of 1.38 million. Almost 85% of all GCCS re located in Bengaluru which remains the most favoured location, followed by Mumbai, Delhi/National Capital Region and Hyderabad.
Beyond cost and labour  arbitrage
But somethings have changed since the first decade of this century (2000- 2010) when  the idea of captive MNC R&D centres (as GCCs were then known)  in India,  was first translated into reality.  Then and now these were client owned and operated  service delivery centres, typically in  low-cost locations, providing  services and resources directly to the parent company.  But while the definition has not changed, the motivation has.
In its formative decade India-based  GCCs were driven by a simple financial motive:  labour arbitrage.  If the cost of technical expertise was high in a company’s home, move the activity to a location where such labour was cheap and pocket the difference.  And  qualified  technical personnel could be had very cheaply in India compared to the US, West Europe and Japan. Productivity was the name of the game.
Today GCCs in India have moved up the value chain to become what tech consultants  EY  (formerly Ernst&Young) call  “multifunction globally integrated centres of excellence”.
Says Ramkumar Ramamoorthy, former Managing Director of Cognizant India and currently a technology adviser with Catalincs  in a recent  opinion piece in Times of India:  “The cliché that foreign MNCs come to India for cost, stayed on for quality and expand for innovation is no longer applicable.  Today, these companies establish their GCCs in India to digitally transform their businesses, better compete against new-age startups, drive research on newer technologies, and develop pathbreaking solutions, products, platforms, and IP for global consumption.
In other words, the innovations delivered by Indian GCCs are not just cost-savings but core to the  parent company’s competitive edge
Unmatched talent pool
And central to the India success story – with a near 50% share of the global GCC market – is its unmatched talent pool of 1 million engineers graduating every year, one of the largest engineering talent pools in the world.
Workforce solutions provider NLB Services, recently released what it called the ‘India Captivating Report’ ( ,  covering the GCC ecosystem from the narrow lens of manpower and recruitment.
It finds that 78% of GCCs come to India to  augment or create a superior talent pool. About 3.64 lakh jobs will be created by GCCs this year alone. “The demand today is for niche digital and machine learning skills like data science, data analytics, data engineering, statistical analysis, and UI/UX design indicating how the centres are evolving to strategic centres.” Says Varun Sachdeva, APAC Recruitment & Business Leader, NLB Services. 
And what is the top-rated skill for such centres today?  Big Data Analytics Manager, with a payout of  Rs 20 lakhs per annum  is the top job role GCCs are hiring for, finds the NLB study.
What do MNCs hope to achieve with this talent? Says K. S. Viswanathan, Vice President of industry initiatives at Nasscom: “We are in the third generation of GCCs in India. The first was about productivity, then about building enterprise capabilities, and the third piece now is on transformation work focused on the middle and front office.’
Some taxation irritant
The revenue generated by India-based GCCs already accounts for about 1% of the national gross domestic product (GDP), and this is seen to rise to 2-3% within 3 years.  But there are some  glitches in India’s  taxation regime (determining the price for trading in goods or services between related enterprises)  that need to be ironed out, said many GCC leaders, quoted in Financial Express,  when they shared their pre-budget wish list. Indications are this has not happened and experts have suggested that India’s transfer pricing policy needs to be “much simpler, predictable and friendlier, if the full potential of GCCs   is to be realised.”
While India has provided a perfect and sustainable launchpad for  GCCs that leverage quality talent and capabilities in the country, GCCs have also contributed significantly in return to India, suggests a 2021  study by Deloitte for NASSCOM titled: ‘GCC: The value proposition for India’.
But to get these returns, companies must invest in skilling their manpower in cutting edge technologies. ANSR spoke to the people who should know best, the  leaders of India GCCs. In a compilation  (registration needed) of their views, entitled “GCC leaders’ tech predictions for 2023”  released  two weeks ago, they  advise: “To prepare for the unexpected and adapt to whatever 2023 holds, future-ready organizations will make wise technology investments that secure future growth. 2023 will see AI adoption skyrocket by the rapid diffusion of models into all kinds of applications. Blockchain, AR/VR, Web3, and Metaverse technologies are set to take centre-stage as well.”
Real estate demand
Beyond the obvious  employment potential, GCCs have helped create a booming market for office space. In a recent report ( registration required) from  global real estate leaders Cushman & Wakefield: “Global Capability Centre: Powering the Growth of Indian Commercial Real Estate” suggests: “Growth of GCCs has big implications for the commercial real estate sector. Nearly a quarter of Grade A office stock across top-8 real estate markets in India is currently occupied by GCCs, and future office demand is expected to be fuelled by more GCCs trying to establish presence across its major cities. Going beyond, some tier-II cities are also expected to witness traction from GCCs in near future as has been expressed by many GCC tenants in India in the recent past.”
Looking beyond the potential for real estate, the report highlights the larger canvas where GCCs are providing India a critical edge
“The growth of GCCs in India has been encouraging on 2 fronts:
-India has been successful in catering to the boom in new age fields like Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics among others and service the demand globally
-India’s current advantageous position in the IT outsourcing space is getting a boost as gradually the low-cost outsourcing model is being replaced by a more value-added outsourcing model.
Its conclusion serves as a succinct summary of the promise and potential of   global centres of innovation in India, which after business process outsourcing (BPO), Year 2000 software (Y2K) , contact/ call centres and product engineering services, offer arguably the most valuable new technology-driven  business opportunity for India:
“The primary driver for the growth of GCC in India is the economy’s rising global competitiveness in critical areas such as availability of large tech talent at a competitive cost, significant improvement in digital infrastructure, a flourishing start-up ecosystem and the rising entrepreneurial spirit.”
This article has appeared in Swarajya